Generation Z and Europe: a paradox of attachment and distance
A generation born in Europe
Generation Z (born between 1995 and 2009) has never known a world without the euro, open borders, or a unified continent. For them, Europe is an unshakable reality—a backdrop to their lives. They cannot imagine a time of currency exchanges, strict border controls, or the Berlin Wall. To them, Europe is not a political project but an unquestionable reality—a reality so ingrained it becomes almost invisible.
Yet, this is the paradox: they feel inherently European, yet the European Union (EU) remains an abstract concept. They enjoy the privileges of free movement, shared rights, and a stable economy, but struggle to connect with the political entity that provides them. According to a study by the IRSEM, only 5% of young Europeans feel primarily linked to the EU, while 21% identify as global citizens. This highlights the gap between feeling European and feeling attached to the EU as a political institution.
Europe as an ‘aqui’: the invisible norm
For this generation, Europe is a state of being. They move seamlessly between countries, pay in the same currency, and live in a digital landscape without borders. This shapes an identity where Europe is not a concept but an unquestioned norm—a default setting.
This perception explains why many young Europeans feel more connected to a cultural and social Europe than to the EU itself. They often describe Europe as ‘home,’ but when asked about the EU, they perceive it as distant, bureaucratic, and abstract.
The paradox of political contradictions
During the 2019 European elections, youth voter turnout increased by 16 points among those under 25, reflecting growing political interest. Yet, many voted for right-wing parties critical of the EU, revealing a contradiction between their European identity and political choices. While young Europeans embrace shared values of solidarity, they increasingly vote for parties questioning the EU’s legitimacy.
This contradiction partly stems from a lack of political education. Many young people benefit from the EU’s achievements without understanding its functions and operations. Social media further amplifies polarizing narratives through algorithms, making them vulnerable to populist and anti-European rhetoric. This environment fosters a paradox where they feel culturally European but remain politically skeptical.
Europe realized abroad: the travel awakening
Interestingly, many young Europeans only become aware of their European identity when traveling outside the continent. Experiences in Latin America, Asia, or Africa—facing strict border controls, currency exchanges, or vastly different cultural norms—make them realize the privileges they take for granted: freedom of movement, political stability, and social security.
Suddenly, Europe is no longer an abstract concept but a concrete identity. Paradoxically, they only fully grasp what being European means when they are no longer within Europe.
Social class gaps and political polarization
Not all young Europeans feel equally connected to Europe. Those from urban, educated, and affluent backgrounds tend to embrace a European identity more than those from rural, economically challenged regions. This divide becomes more pronounced when considering travel experiences.
Young Europeans who travel frequently develop a broader perspective, realizing their European identity when exposed to life outside the continent. In contrast, those who don’t travel remain within local bubbles, maintaining a more insular worldview. As travel increasingly becomes a marker of social status, this perspective gap deepens class divides within the younger generation. Political polarization further exacerbates these differences, as social media platforms amplify divisive narratives that resonate differently across social and economic backgrounds.
Opportunities and challenges: rebuilding the European narrative
A striking 67% of young Europeans believe the EU should involve their generation more in public affairs, reflecting a desire for increased participation if engagement methods resonate. The opportunity lies in the strong cultural attachment to Europe, but the challenge is bridging this emotional connection with political participation.
To address this, the EU must reframe its narrative, making its impact visible and relatable to young people. Investing in European civic education can help demystify its operations, empowering young citizens to engage meaningfully. Additionally, combating political polarization requires transparent and accessible communication, emphasizing shared values and tangible benefits.
The future of Europe in Gen Z’s hands
If the EU makes itself relevant and accessible, it can harness this generation’s cultural attachment to build a stronger, more united Europe. But if the disconnect persists, the political consequences could reshape Europe’s identity.
As Generation Z grows, their influence on Europe’s future will increase. Their paradoxical relationship with Europe is not just a reflection of their identity but a question about the future of Europe itself: Can Europe remain an unquestioned ‘aqui,’ or will this generation redefine it on their terms?
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Young Co-Creating solutions through World Café
At 20something, we partner with institutions and organizations across Europe to uncover the challenges and opportunities of youth engagement and social issues. Our work goes beyond simple analysis—we actively engage young people, empowering them to co-create meaningful solutions. Using dynamic approaches like the World Café, we craft interactive spaces that amplify youth voices and harness collective intelligence to address complex problems. Our skilled facilitators and moderators foster inclusive, multilingual discussions, ensuring diverse perspectives are heard. Whether you aim to overcome institutional challenges, design youth-focused strategies, or create participatory solutions, 20something is here to guide and support you.
You may also like these articles
Explore our collection of articles decoding youth culture, Gen Z, and Gen Alpha.
